Thanksgiving usually brings
up thoughts of the Pilgrims and Wampanoag tribe celebrating their harvest and
friendship together. That famous feast took place in 1621, but it would take
more than 200 years for Thanksgiving to become an official holiday in the
United States — and under very different circumstances.
In
1863, the nation was halfway through the Civil War. In July of that year, the
Battle of Gettysburg took place. That battle alone saw nearly 50,000
casualties. The country was torn apart and the bloody fighting was far from
over. On November 19, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln would deliver the famous
Gettysburg Address. One month earlier, however, Lincoln issued another profound
and important proclamation.
At the urging
of magazine editor, Sarah Josepha Hale, President Lincoln issued a proclamation that would establish Thanksgiving Day as a national
holiday, to be celebrated on the last Thursday of November.
In a time when there was so
much strife, turmoil, loss, and division, what could have inspired Lincoln to
establish a day of “Thanksgiving and Praise” for the nation? His words are
profoundly moving and just as meaningful today as they were when first written.
Washington, D.C.October 3, 1863.
By the President of
the United States of America. A Proclamation.
The year that is
drawing towards its close, has been filled with the blessings of fruitful
fields and healthful skies. To these bounties, which are so constantly enjoyed
that we are prone to forget the source from which they come, others have been
added, which are of so extraordinary a nature, that they cannot fail to
penetrate and soften even the heart which is habitually insensible to the ever
watchful providence of Almighty God.
In the midst of a
civil war of unequaled magnitude and severity, which has sometimes seemed to
foreign States to invite and to provoke their aggression, peace has been
preserved with all nations, order has been maintained, the laws have been
respected and obeyed, and harmony has prevailed everywhere except in the
theater of military conflict; while that theater has been greatly contracted by
the advancing armies and navies of the Union.
Needful diversions of wealth and of strength from
the fields of peaceful industry to the national defence, have not arrested the
plough, the shuttle or the ship; the axe has enlarged the borders of our
settlements, and the mines, as well of iron and coal as of the precious metals,
have yielded even more abundantly than heretofore. Population has steadily
increased, notwithstanding the waste that has been made in the camp, the siege,
and the battle-field; and the country, rejoicing in the consciousness of
augmented strength and vigor, is permitted to expect continuance of years with
large increase of freedom. No human counsel hath devised nor hath any mortal
hand worked out these great things. They are the gracious gifts of the Most
High God, who, while dealing with us in anger for our sins, hath nevertheless
remembered mercy.
It has seemed to me fit and proper that they should
be solemnly, reverently, and gratefully acknowledged as with one heart and one
voice by the whole American People. I do therefore invite my fellow citizens in
every part of the United States, and also those who are at sea and those who
are sojourning in foreign lands, to set apart and observe the last Thursday of
November next, as a day of Thanksgiving and Praise to our beneficent Father who
dwelleth in the Heavens.
And I recommend to them that while offering up the
ascriptions justly due to Him for such singular deliverances and blessings,
they do also, with humble penitence for our national perverseness and
disobedience, commend to His tender care all those who have become widows,
orphans, mourners, or sufferers in the lamentable civil strife in which we are
unavoidably engaged, and fervently implore the interposition of the Almighty
Hand to heal the wounds of the nation and to restore it as soon as may be
consistent with the Divine purposes to the full enjoyment of peace, harmony,
tranquillity, and Union.
In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand
and caused the Seal of the United States to be affixed.
Done at the City of
Washington, this Third day of October, in the year of our Lord one thousand
eight hundred and sixty-three, and of the Independence of the United States the
Eighty-eighth.
By the President:
Abraham Lincoln
William H. Seward,
Secretary of State
It is no wonder that Abraham Lincoln is one of the most beloved
Presidents of the United States in the country’s history, not only for his
accomplishments but also for this perseverance and unwavering optimism through
such hard times. When the nation was torn in two and war continued, Lincoln was
able to speak of thanksgiving, harmony, peace, and union.